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1 Baldwin, Matthias William
[br]b. 10 November 1795 Elizabethtown, New Jersey, USAd. 7 September 1866 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American builder of steam locomotives, founder of Baldwin Locomotive Works.[br]After apprenticeship as a jeweller, Baldwin set up a machinery manufacturing business, and built stationary steam engines and, in 1832, his first locomotive, Old Ironsides, for the then-new Philadelphia, Germantown \& Norristown Railroad. Old Ironsides achieved only 1 mph (1.6 km/h) on trial, but after experimentation reached 28 mph (45 km/h). Over the next ten years Baldwin built many stationary engines and ten more locomotives, and subsequently built locomotives exclusively.He steadily introduced detail improvements in locomotive design; standardized components by means of templates and gauges from 1838 onwards; introduced the cylinder cast integrally with half of the smokebox saddle in 1858; and in 1862 imported steel tyres, which had first been manufactured in Germany by Krupp of Essen in 1851, and began the practice in the USA of shrinking them on to locomotive wheels. At the time of Matthias Baldwin's death, the Baldwin Locomotive Works had built some 1,500 locomotives: it went on to become the largest locomotive building firm to develop from a single foundation, and by the time it built its last steam locomotive, in 1955, had produced about 75,000 in total.[br]Further ReadingJ.H.White Jr, 1979, A History of the American Locomotive—Its Development 1830–1880, New York: Dover Publications Inc.J.Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.Dictionary of American Biography.PJGRBiographical history of technology > Baldwin, Matthias William
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2 Land transport
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertHamilton, Harold LeeIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMa JunMorris, William RichardSauerbrun, Charles de -
3 Railways and locomotives
Biographical history of technology > Railways and locomotives
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4 Vauclain, Samuel Matthews
[br]b. 18 May 1856 Philadelphia, USAd. 4 February 1940 Rosemont, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American locomotive builder, inventor of the Vauclain compound system.[br]Vauclain entered the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1872 as an apprentice in Altoona workshops and moved to the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1883. He remained with the latter for fifty-seven years, becoming President in 1919 and Chairman of the Board in 1929.The first locomotive to his pattern of compound was built in 1889. There were four cylinders: on each side of the locomotive a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder were positioned one above the other, their pistons driving a common cross-head. They shared, also, a common piston valve. Large two-cylinder compound locomotives had been found to suffer from uneven distribution of power between the two sides of the locomotive: Vauclain's system overcame this problem while retaining the accessibility of a locomotive with two outside cylinders. It was used extensively in the USA and other parts of the world, but not in Britain. Among many other developments, in 1897 Vauclain was responsible for the construction of the first locomotives of the 2–8–2 wheel arrangement.[br]Bibliography1930, Steaming Up (autobiography).Further ReadingObituary, 1941, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 20:180.J.T.van Reimsdijk, 1970, The compound locomotive. Part 1:1876 to 1901', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 43:9 (describes Vauclain's system of compounding).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Vauclain, Samuel Matthews
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Baldwin, Matthias William — ▪ American manufacturer born Dec. 10, 1795, Elizabethtown, N.J., U.S. died Sept. 7, 1866, Philadelphia, Pa. manufacturer whose significant improvements of the steam (steam engine) locomotive included a steam tight metal joint that permitted … Universalium
Matthias William Baldwin — (* 10. Dezember 1795 in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, USA; † 7. September 1866 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) war ein US amerikanischer Industrieller. Baldwin wurde als jüngstes von fünf Kindern eines Stellmachers in Elizabethtown, New Jersey… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation — Baldwin Locomotive Works Unternehmensform Gründung 1831 Unternehmenssitz Eddystone … Deutsch Wikipedia
Baldwin — Baldwin, Matthias William, Gründer der derzeit größten Lokomotivfabrik der Welt, der »Baldwin Locomotive Works, Burnham Williams & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Vereinigte Staaten von Nordamerika.« Baldwin – über dessen Geburtsort keine Daten vorliegen… … Enzyklopädie des Eisenbahnwesens
Matthias W. Baldwin — Matthias William Baldwin A statue of Baldwin in front of Philadelphia City Hall Born December 10, 1795(1795 12 10) Elizabethtown, New Jersey … Wikipedia
Baldwin (Familienname) — Baldwin ist ein Familienname. Bekannte Namensträger Inhaltsverzeichnis A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z … Deutsch Wikipedia
Matthias — ist ein männlicher Vorname. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Herkunft und Bedeutung 1.1 Gegenüberstellung 2 Verbreitung 3 Namenstage … Deutsch Wikipedia
Baldwin Locomotive Works — Rechtsform Company Gründung 1831 Sitz Eddystone … Deutsch Wikipedia
Baldwin — [ bɔːldwɪn], 1) James, afroamerikanischer Schriftsteller, * New York 2. 8. 1924, ✝ Saint Paul de Vence (Département Alpes Maritimes) 1. 12. 1987. Baldwin wuchs in Harlem auf; nachdem er als Gelegenheitsarbeiter und Prediger in einer… … Universal-Lexikon
Baldwin (surname) — The name Baldwin is of English origin, from the Old English Bealdwine , or the Old German equivalent Baldavin , meaning bold friend . It was frequently used in medieval Britain as a surname.Real people* Abraham Baldwin (1754–1807), American… … Wikipedia
Baldwin — /bawld win/, n. 1. James, 1924 87, U.S. writer. 2. James Mark, 1861 1934, U.S. psychologist. 3. Loammi /loh am uy/, 1740 1807, U.S. civil engineer and developer of the Baldwin apple. 4. Matthias William /meuh thuy euhs/, 1795 1866, U.S. inventor … Universalium
